Canonization of Scripture (How the Bible Was Compiled)

I chose this topic because it is one of the hardest things for me to accept concerning â€Å"religion† in general. The mere fact that the individual writings are written by human men â€Å"under the inspiration of God† just bothers me to no end. Knowing the imperfections of man, and how things always get twisted, embellished, misinterpreted, and/or generally made more grandiose than originally told has always made me wonder: What were God’s original thoughts and meanings on any particular subject? What has been lost in translation? What has been twisted to suit a particular situation? Why has God allowed his words to be so misconstrued for so many years? The Hebrew canon, known to us as the Old Testament, is a collection of 24 â€Å"books† accepted by†¦show more content†¦By the year 200, the four gospels, thirteen Pauline epistles, the Acts of the Apostles, the first epistle of Peter and the first epistle of John were almost universally accepted; and by the end of the fourth century, all twenty-seven books that form today’s New Testament canon were generally recognized. The official list of twenty-seven books was ultimately determined on the basis of the collective experience of the church.† 1 (pg. 271) There were several reasons why the Church would have put together such a list of accepted books. As time passed after Jesus’ death, and the gospel was spreading throughout the middle east and northern Africa, there were some who â€Å"edited† the writings to suit themselves. Variations in the teachings began to multiply and since the writings were hand-copied in those early times, not all congregations had the same group of texts, or even similar texts of the same book. Probably the â€Å"three ‘major’ reasons for the official recognition of the biblical canon were: 1. The spread of false doctrine - The very existence of the church was seriously threatened by gnosticism. 2. The development of false writings - A major motivation for the canon was pseudepigrapha, false writings. These came out of a desire to know more about the childhood of Jesus and to have more information about New Testament personalities. 3. Persecution - In A.D. 303, the Edict of Diocletian declaredShow MoreRelatedHistory of the Bible Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pages9 December 2009 The History of the Canonization of the Bible The process by which the English Bible, as it is known to the English culture today, was compiled is an extraordinary thing to see. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The process by which both Testaments were written and then canonized into one book transpired over a period of many years. Once the canonization of the Bible officially came to an end, it was translated into English. Since then, manyRead MoreThe Word Of God And The Sacred Scriptures Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe word of God or human word? Given that the ancient canonization of the sacred Scriptures was compiled by human beings (editors) and not without human elements and limitations, would that imply then, that one needs scientific, literary and critical methods to determine what these ancient authors meant when they expressed for example, that the word of God came to them? In this context, this study will explore the literary/narrative/rhetorical meanings of the expression ‘the word of God came to meRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Word Of The Lord Came From Me ! Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesStudy the literary/narrative/rhetorical function of the expression The word of the Lord came to me! Introduction: The word of God or human word? Given that the ancient canonization of the sacred Scriptures was compiled by human beings (editors) and of course, not without human elements and limitations, would that imply then, that one needs scientific, literary and critical methods to determine what these ancient authors meant when they expressed for example, that the word of God came to them? InRead MoreTextual Criticism and Canon of Scripture Essay5748 Words   |  23 PagesLiberty University Textual Criticism and the Canon of Scripture: Dealing with Inspiration and Preservation in the light of human error A Paper submitted to Dr. Tomlin In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For History of Christianity I – CHHI 520 By: James Mead December 14, 2007 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Developing the Need for a Canon 5 Gnostics 5 Cerinthians Gnostics 6 Doketist Gnostics 6 Marcion 7 The PresentationRead MoreThe Worldview And Its Impact On My Worldview1608 Words   |  7 Pagesestablished 3 main tenants of my worldview, God is, the universe was and morality will be. These are the foundations for the way I live, move and express my being in this world. My worldview is informed by way of epistemology. Epistemology suggest the source of all knowledge is God. Knowledge can be acquired through reading and studying the bible. Scripture is authoritative and is an inspired source of knowledge from God. The degree to which scripture is trustworthy is called inerrancy (Brown et al., 2008Read MoreBackground to the Quran Essays1134 Words   |  5 Pageshave been illiterate, the book’s great literary excellence is considered a miracle and one of the greatest proofs of revelation. Contrary to what some people believe, that the Quran is to Islam what the Bible is to Christians, the Quran is regarded with far higher reverence. Generally the Bible is read, studied, and appreciated as a record of God’s revelation. Biblical hermeneutics requires the study of the context and investigating what the first addressees of the text could have understood inRead MoreEssay on The Historical Critical Method2026 Words   |  9 PagesThe New Testament is now well over 1900 years old and for nearly the same period of time people have struggled for the right interpretation of that what was written in these 27 books and letters. How should one handle a book that is Gods Word? Before looking at the pro and contra of historical-critical exegesis it is necessary to define this method. One of the many textbooks teaching the historical-critical method Methodenlehre zum Neuen Testament by Wilhelm Egger method gives us this definitionRead MoreThe Foundations Of The Canons1702 Words   |  7 PagesOld Testament scripture (), this was what the Church was looking for in forming a canon that related to the teaching of Christ; a type of written text that would be foundational therefore no one would want to take away or add to it. The early church was using the four Gospels and the letters of many of the Apostles in their church teachings. The churches focused on the importance of the authors being in a first-hand relationship or direct correlation to a disciple such as Mark was to Peter andRead MoreFactors Influencing The Collaboration Of The New Testament3081 Words   |  13 Pagesexamine the internal and external factors which spurred and led to the well-known theologian Athanasius proposing the now existing New Testament books of the Holy Scriptures. The internal factors that will be examined in this paper include: Docetism, Judaism, Gnosticism, Marcionism, Montanism, and Apollinarianism. Secondly this paper will view how the false prophets influenced not only the doctrine of Christ but sought to take advantage of the Church’s generous heart for personal profit and gain. The external

Renewable Energy Renewable Resources - 1944 Words

Renewable energy: energy in which comes from natural resources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat (Bhatia, 2014). This essay is focused on the main three renewable energies, wind, sunlight, and water. Renewable resources are well on the way to out rule the fossil fuel industry because of the diminishing amount of fossil fuels left in the world and increase of renewable resource use, the damage fossil fuels do to the environment, and the various positive aspects that renewable resources bring. Fossil fuels will run out in the world with time, these fuels take millions of years to form, the supply simply cannot meet the demands of the world forever. According to the Colorado River Commission of Nevada, the amount of petroleum left in the world is 2,686 billion barrels left, annually, the world uses 27 billion barrels (2002). Natural gas has 14,006 billion left and the world uses 84 billion barrels a year (The Colorado River Commission of Nevada, 2002). Coal has 1,089 billion barrels left with 5 billion used a year (The Colorado River Commission of Nevada, 2002). This may seem like a lot of fossil fuels, but with the population continuing to grow, this is not a very large quantity. As stated by the Colorado River Commission of Nevada, â€Å"All together the fossil fuel resources is estimated to be gone between 2050 and 2075† (2002). It is certain that fossil fuels are limited, and will eventually run dry. This may not seem toShow MoreRelatedRenewable Resources For Re newable Energy1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition, energy is power that is harnessed from physical or chemical resources, often utilized in order to produced light, heat or fuel. It can be extracted from various renewable or non-renewable sources and has become a necessity for day to day life. 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WWS Resources produce more efficiently thanRead MoreRenewable Energy Resources928 Words   |  4 Pagesfact that 86% of our energy comes from nonrenewable, polluting, costly fossil fuels and only 14% is renewable is diabolical. Why must we harm our environment to contribute to our energy production when renewable energy sources are so abundantly present so that we may be symbiotic with nature? To lessen our environmental impact and be able to avoid the high expenses of non-renewable fossil fuels in the near future it should be obvious that we start to use more renewable energy sources than we do nonrenewableRead MoreEnergy Resources And Renewable Energy1240 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone uses a lot of power for lighting, heating, machines, movements, and so much more. All of that energy has to come from an energy supply. Some energy resources are renewable, while others are non-renewable. Energy has various forms and is a very essential part of our everyday lives. In my house, I always try to conserve energy when I can. I try an hot water by using a lower flow shower head and very rarely use the bath tub which does waste a lot of hot water. When buying light bulbs, I onlyRead MoreEnergy Resources : Renewable And Non Renewable Ones1225 Words   |  5 Pagesa discovery of the ability to transform the energy into the electricity. In today’s modern world it is hard to imagine that there was a world without the electricity and that electricity was gifted to the humanity just 400 years ago. As George Gobel said once: â€Å"If it weren’t for electricity, we’d all be watching television by candlelight†. Electricity is the gift granted to humans and it is our generation’s duty to use the electricity energy smartly and pass it to future generations. ForRead MoreRenewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy Resources1840 Words   |  8 PagesRenewable Vs. Non-renewable Energy Resources: Environmental and Economical Advantages and Disadvantages Imagine a life without washing machines, dryers, refrigerators, computers, televisions, lights, and cars. Imagine a planet so polluted that smog is in the air so bad that one cannot see very far, lakes and streams are poisoned, and land so badly scarred from people trying to find more energy sources. One day this may be a reality if we do not do something to change how we use our energy resourcesRead MoreRenewable Resources For Solar Energy1387 Words   |  6 PagesSolar Energy is something that the entire world relies on every day. Without energy, the earth would be dark, and nothing will be able to operate. Lately, there has been many concerns with the various types of resources that are used to generate energy. Many resources that are used are non-renewable resource. This means that the resources such as oil and coal are not grown or produced, they are found in regions in specific sections of the world. These resources are also recognized as fossil fuelsRead MoreAlternative Energ y Resources : Renewable Energy Source848 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate energy resources are being developed to compete against the fossil fuel power stations. Fossil fuel such as coal and oil are drilled and shoveled out of the ground and then processed to be turned into electricity. Problems with fossil fuels are that they produce hazardous air emissions and give off by-products that will harm the area. Some well-known alternate renewable energy resources are wind, solar, and hydro power. These are all sources that are in abundance and will be around forRead MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy Future Energy Resources2146 Words   |  9 Pages Conserve Energy Future: Excessive Usage of Non-Renewable Sources of Energy Deteriorates the Scope for Future Energy Resources Syed Rehanuddin Quadri LS-608-EV: Professional Writing Research Professor Cynthia October 18, 2014 Abstract Nowadays, the world is suffering from various crises like ebola to polar vortex but the problem of global warming and extinction of various resources are persistent from decades. The evolution of these problems is due to excessive usage or dependenceRead MoreOptimal Integration Of Renewable Energy Resources881 Words   |  4 PagesOptimal integration of renewable energy resources in data centers with behind the meter renewable generator Abstract Introduction Nowadays the consumption of energy has increased rapidly in data centers due to increase in use of internet and cloud computing The electricity cost of data centers in USA is about $7.4 billion annually. Design resource management algorithms have been developed to run the data centers more effectively and efficiently this was due to the increasing energy costs in data centers

Student of the Year Free Essays

WEDDINGS IN THE UAE Every nation has its own way of celebrating their festivals or personal occasions. These anniversaries are indeed very essential and important in the culture of every country in the world. Some people have different ways of celebrating their rituals and their dear parties. We will write a custom essay sample on Student of the Year or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the UAE, for example weddings have another different story. Have you ever asked your grandparents about their wedding? Weddings were different in the UAE in the past. In the days before the discovery of oil, the majority of people didn’t have much money and they lived in smaller towns and villages where everyone knew every other. Unlike today when a wedding is a very expensive party for one day, weddings in the past often lasted for many days and the whole community took part in them. One day I asked my curved back and toothless grandmother about how she got married from my grandfather. Her cracked face smiled and produced a laughing sound . She didn’t hesitate to answer me with pleasure as I am Some people who are 80 years old now remember when a dowry cost Dh 60 and Dh 40 would pay for a whole wedding. The family of the bride and her women neighbors made the wedding dress in a tent near her house , In the past , these dresses were very colorful and were sewn with a hand . It took several days to sew the bride’s clothes, so women had a chance to visit. They often sang while they worked. When they the clothes were ready, they perfumed the clothes with incense and then stored the clothes in a wooden trunk. Then as now, henna decorations were very important for a beautiful bride. The groom’s family prepared the place for the couple to live . The mother of the groom even made a cradle so that when the couple had their first child , the baby’s bed would be all ready. A tailor made the groom’s colored kandoora. Even the man wore henna sometimes in the past. Food was as important in the past as it is now. However, in the past, the families got together to make large amounts of rice and meat that were served at the wedding. Since houses were smaller in the past, weddings were often held outdoors in small tents and both men and women attended them. The men danced and the women sang old songs about love and happiness. Wedding traditions change with time. Recently, more people have chosen to have their wedding parties in traditional tents set up near the houses instead of having them at luxury hotels . Some young Emiratis prefer to have their weddings in tents because it makes them feel more committed to heritage and traditions and it helps them save money and feel more private. Tent dealers are very happy with the increase in their business. On tent dealers once said more than 50% of their clients have been UAE nationals who have hire tents for their weddings . Another company said that they charge 25,000 Dhs for tents with full service for 1000 guests. It is a recent habit to have wedding parties in a 5-star hotel. A lot of neighbors and relatives could not attend the wedding if it was in a hotel. How to cite Student of the Year, Essay examples

The Dead and Dying - and the Grief Left Behind

Question: How does Wolterstorff find joy after his loss? What is the meaning and significance of death in light of the Christian narrative? How does the hope of the resurrection play a role in comforting Wolterstorff? Answer: Introduction: To act emotionally is human, and human beings are perhaps the only living being who can express their emotion that can be comprehended. This emotion leads in getting attached with the people related to them or they know. The short lived attachment leads to grief form the other person or people. The reason is not death, but the feeling the one of their near one would not be there anymore. The discussion reflects on the book written by Wolterstorff named Lament for a Son, which was written in honor of their dead son, who accidentally died in mountain climbing expedition. The book became a reflection of not only the emotion of the author but also about every people who are suffering or have suffered through such loss. Stages of Grief: Many spiritual leaders have identified the five existing stages of grief which happens due to someones death or for a person who is soon going to die (Lundquist, Nelsen Irish, 2014). They are: The denial stage: People who are about to die or whose near ones who are going to die (especially whose death is unaccepted) therefore they tend to isolate themselves so that they could accept the fact which is supported by people who know but not themselves (Green, 2010). Annoyance stage: The person gets annoyed at this stage. His uncontrolled expressions of emotions reflect on his action (Dastur, 2012). The person could not control his negative reactions on life. The stage of agreement: The person starts dealing with the reality slowly. He initiates bargaining about life with God, if there could be any possible ray of hope. The despair stage When emotions are highlighted it tends to mourning. They want to go through treatments which are advanced and start believing people who provides positive vibes (Greenawalt, 2006). There are basically two types in this stage, the implication reaction and the reaction in private. The acceptance stage: here the person is totally prepared and have accepted the situation (Greenawalt, 2006). This is basically demonstrated as grieving resistance. This implies an act of bravery. The sufferer withdraws and becomes calm in behavior. The joy after losing his son: After the death of Eric, Wolterstorff realized that previously the presence of his son was considered as grunted by him. He also realized that all his love was more important and how much he loved Eric. Rather than forgetting he kept on repeating about his son. Christian narrative importance after losing Eric: Death fundamentally means the separation of the spirit from the body according to the established belief of Christians. God created mankind in the light of ancient times creatures and defined the good in it. But mankind really doesnt bother about the urge for embodiment beyond time. This generates a fear for dying. By death in light it means positive overview created after sudden death of a person and in this makes people believe that death in inevitable and it should not be feared. When the soul finds death beautiful than fearing death it is known as death in light (Mallon, 2008). The hope of Resurrection: The context in bible about death did not relieve Wolterstorff neither made him remember about the resurrection hope (Greenawalt, 2006). The consideration of not being an incessant pit regarding death is what the author believed. He could realize that something is gone. And in the closing stages of every hope he accepted. He knew that there is no hope of return for his son. He reached the point of acceptance before which everything reminded about his son, Eric (Wolterstorff, 1987). Conclusion: Any person who is dealing with these the stages of grief, have to be strong enough so that people can learn to be strong from them. From Wolterstorff people came to relate their situation and learned how to deal with the grief and the pain that one suffers from dying and death. References Dastur, F. (2012).How are we to confront death?. New York: Fordham University Press. Green, L. (2010).Understanding the life course. Cambridge: Polity. Greenawalt, K. (2006).Religion and the Constitution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Lundquist, ', F., Nelsen, V., Irish, D. (2014).Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death and Grief: Diversity in Universality. Mallon, B. (2008).Dying, death, and grief. Los Angeles: SAGE.